2023高考英语全国乙卷 阅读理解D 深度解读

　　2023高考英语全国乙卷 阅读理解D 深度解读

　　作者:高中英语马老师

　　D

　　If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does notprivilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity&39;t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook&39;s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeplyand strictly as the written reports.

　　In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, thereare victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系)between literate andnon-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.

　　32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A. How past events should be presented.

　　B. What humanity is concerned about.

　　C. Whether facts speak louder than words.

　　D. Why written language is reliable.

　　33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?

　　A. His report was scientific.

　　B. He represented the local people.

　　C. He ruled over Botany Bay.

　　D. His record was one-sided.

　　34.What does the underlined word &34;in paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A.Problem.B.History.

　　C. Voice. D.Society.

　　35.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?

　　A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World

　　B. A Short History of Australia

　　C. A History of the World in 100 Objects

　　D. How Art Works Tell Stories

　　参考答案：ADBC

　　文章主旨：

　　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一本书中论述了要客观地讲述历史，我们需要文本资料和实物资料相结合。

　　答案详解：

　　32. A。主旨大意题。If you want to tell the history of the whole world, ...you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.第一段主要内容是，要讲述全球历史不能仅仅通过文本资料，因为世界上大多数地区在很长一段时间内都没有文字。...even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded theirconcerns not only in writing but in things.即使有文字的地区也会用实物来记录重要的事情。

　　因此，本段主要讲的是我们应该用什么方式讲述历史：那就是文本资料和实物相结合，A.How past events should be presented.过去的事件应该如何呈现。符合题意，因此应选A项正确。

　　其它选项含义：B. What humanity is concerned about.人类关心的是什么。C. Whether facts speak louder than words.事实是否胜于雄辩。D. Why written language is reliable.为什么书面语言是可靠的。

　　33.D。推理判断题。题干含义What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?作者在第二段提到库克船长是什么意思? 本段的主题句为Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can&39;s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. 在有文字和无文字的历史中，最明显的例子可能是第一次冲突，在植物学湾，库克船长的航行和澳大利亚土著之间的冲突。

　　英国一方有科学报告和库克船长对那个糟糕的日子的记录；而澳大利亚方面只有一个木盾，这表明库克船长的文字记录可能是片面的，D. His record was one-sided.他的记录是片面的。因此应选D。

　　其它选项含义：A. His report was scientific.他的报告是科学的。B. He represented the local people.他代表当地人民。C. He ruled over Botany Bay.他代表当地人民。

　　34.B。词义猜测题。第三段开头...there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. 还有一些胜利是无意或故意歪曲的，特别是当只有胜利者才知道如何写作的时候。Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.那些失败的人往往只有他们的东西来讲述他们的故事。

　　...can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.（...土著人...）现在可以通过他们制作的物品向我们讲述他们过去的成就:通过物品讲述的历史重新给了他们发言权。

　　When we consider contact(联系)between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts arenecessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要研读文本，还要研究实物。

　　由此可知，此处用conversation指代历史。由此应选B。

　　35.C。推理判断题。文章介绍了一本书中论述了要客观地讲述历史，我们需要把文本资料和实物资料结合起来。C. A History of the World in 100 Objects《100件物品中的世界史》。因此应选C。

　　参考译文：

　　如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文字，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用事物来记录他们所关心的事情。

　　理想情况下，历史应该将文本和实物结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。在有文字和无文字的历史中，最明显的例子可能是第一次冲突，在植物学湾，库克船长的航行和澳大利亚土著之间的冲突。在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。如果我们想要重建那天发生的事情，就必须像书面报告一样深入和严格地质疑和解释盾牌。

　　除了双方误解的问题外，还有一些胜利是无意或故意歪曲的，特别是当只有胜利者才知道如何写作的时候。那些失败的人往往只有他们的东西来讲述他们的故事。加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最有力的成就:通过物品讲述的历史重新给了他们发言权。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要研读文本，还要研究实物。