3个致命错误，写作坠入无底深渊

　　大家好，我是杜斯迅老师，从教这么多年，经常可以看见很多学生身处写作备考误区中而不自知，如果考前不能及时发现，就会造成非常可惜的丢分。

　　今天我就与大家分享3个致命错误，希望大家有则改之，无则加勉，不要重蹈你们学长学姐的覆辙。(文末有彩蛋，仔细看哦~)

　　No.1

　　素材为王，忽略审题

　　我们来看一道大多数学生经常审题审歪的大作文题目：

　　2019年8月17日大陆A类考题

　　More and more parents are allowing their children to play on computers and tablets as they think that children should learn technology skills. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

　　许多考生看到这道题，肾上腺素飙升，很快判断写作方向是让孩子们玩电脑弊大于利，脑海中瞬间出现了中国考生不变的口水素材 ：

　　“Children do not have the ability to distinguish between the right and the wrong, so they cannot make sensible decisions. … They are vulnerable to negative impacts, such as violent and pornographic images on the Internet. … Therefore, we need to offer them help and guidance to protect them from the evilness.”

　　然后兴奋地开始默写这些熟悉的素材。这么操作确实没跑题么?题目陈述的讨论背景是“越来越多的父母允许孩子玩电脑，因为他们觉得孩子们应该学习电脑/计算机技能。”

　　注意：这道题目的讨论内容应该是是否有必要让孩子学习technology skills，这是核心讨论对象啊!

　　未成年的教育一定是结合不同的话题和讨论对象出题。不认真审题，作文第一评分项Task Response(内容)的得分直接掉档。

　　可能在很多考生眼里，以下题目都可套用一样的素材。

　　More and more parents are allowing their children to play on computers and tablets as they think that children should learn technology skills. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

　　Nowadays, children spend too much time playing computer games. Some people believe this has negative effects on children’s mental abilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in every way. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　Children can learn effectively on the Internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　Reading story books is better for children than playing computer games. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　但其实这些作文题目有着或大或小的差别，一个限定词就可以彻底改变题目的重心。

　　出自经典、高频考题的素材或范文是一定要学习的，毕竟输入决定输出，但这并不意味着可以忽略审题。现在考题灵活度高，所以，正确备考方法是：审题主宰素材。

　　No.2

　　硬套逻辑，忽略内容

　　不少同学经常纠结写作用什么样的文章结构，有时为了图省事甚至会忽略具体题目提前决定考场上使用的“万能套路”。有的考生更是提前拼凑出模板框架，比如：

　　“… plays a significant role in modern life. While some people reckon that it has countless merits, others believe that it could bring considerable problems. As far as I am concerned, both sides have their own reasons and in this essay I will analyze them and offer my opinion in the end. …” 这是真正的自杀行为。

　　要谨记：文章的中心观点决定文章逻辑结构，不能忽略题目写作内容的差异来刻意统一出一个“最容易得分”的结构。

　　换句话说，写作评分标准里第一项文章内容的确定在先，第二项文章逻辑的判断其次，是根据内容需求判断结构。

　　比如这道题目：

　　Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, think there are better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　硬套用中立结构可能么?题目中the best的存在不是空气啊!

　　再比如这道题：

　　An increasing number of people change their careers several times during their lives. Is it a positive or negative development?

　　注意题目中的限定词 “several times”，再结合现实考虑，无论是针对自己的职业发展还是企业的用人情况，文章中心观点肯定是：利大于弊，因此作文应该用有选择有侧重文章结构。

　　杜老师原创参考范文

　　Job hopping has become a significant feature in modern world and many people believe that some changes can lead to desirable consequences.

　　People who stay with the same organization have the advantage of thoroughly understanding the operation at work and also becoming familiar with the staff. If they work hard, their promotion prospects are good and there is likely to be greater job security, with the promise of a good pension when they retire. Traditionally, employers value loyalty and may offer additional incentives to long-term employees, including bonuses and reward schemes.

　　However, employers now place more emphasis on ensuring that employees are engaged and committed during the time that they spend with them, believing this is more likely to deliver results. Besides, many companies prefer to hire new employees from time to time to maintain their competitiveness and vitality.

　　To employees, moving from one organization to another can be a strategic decision in order to have variety and acquire a range of skills and experience, which indicates that people take charge of their own progression and development at their own pace. Also, for most people, when they get their first job, they have little idea whether or not they will remain in the same organization throughout their working life. Therefore, it might be unreasonable to stop giving themselves some chances to explore in terms of their career prospects.

　　Overall, I believe, as long as planned carefully, several changes in one’s career can be positive to both employees and employers.

　　所以，最佳的文章逻辑结构服务于内容的准确表达。正确备考方法：内容决定逻辑。

　　No.3

　　沉迷高分词汇，忽略句子写作

　　语言的选择应该以语义表达为准，脱离语境总结所谓“高分词汇”没有意义。

　　比如，表达 “认为”，很多同学努力总结不寻常的单词、表达，试图以此增加词汇得分。其实考官范文中出现的基本就是 “think，believe，argue，claim，insist” 等几个词，但是很多同学误认为 “reckon，as far as I am concerned” 等表达更高级。语义决定语言表达，如果想表达 “人们认为某事物会产生负面影响”，最贴切语义的表达应该是 “People are worried that it might lead to several undesirable consequences”，这里 “be worried that” 就体现了语义，这里的认为是指人们的担忧。

　　类似的错误很多，再比如中国考生喜欢夸大形容词修饰力度。

　　我们经常见到类似“There are countless/ considerable/ numerous benefits of…” 的句式，其实 “There are quite a few/ several/ many benefits of…” 更准确、到位。

　　此外，中国考生对同义替换格外有执念，其实这是个很严重的学习误区。

　　就写作而言，只要不没完没了重复同一个表达就没问题，而且真正的同义替换跟单词的个数和词性没有任何关系，比如谈论到 “the Internet”，同义替换可以是 “daily tasks can be performed without meeting each other face-to-face” 。

　　现在，很多中国考生将所谓的 “同义替换” 和作文首段绑定在一起失分：普遍认为首段的写法就是“改写题目，同义替换所有能替换的单词”。

　　要知道首段也需要自己写啊!我们仅仅需要引出题目中的讨论对象和关键词，其余不受限于题目中的句式表达。

　　语言方面，最重要的是要认识到词汇和语法的备考是一个整体。因为在应用层面，语言最小的单位是句子，所以语言的得分关键是句子整体的质量。

　　这就是为什么有时候考官范文中的单词我们都认识但就是写不出类似的文章。拆散词汇和语法的关系，写作就成了展现原创语言的汉英翻译练习。

　　一般情况下，大多数考生作文词汇和语法的得分不会超过1个分数档，原因也正是如此。

　　我们对比两个句子，如果想表达“出国旅行可以开阔视野”：

　　“If people plan to take trips to foreign countries, it can broaden their horizons” 或者 “Taking trips to foreign countries could broaden people’s horizons”。

　　第一句话虽然是复合句(状语从句)，但是完全没必要、啰嗦、赘余;第二句从语法结构上看是简单句，但是言简意赅，而且准确使用了动名词做主语，非常到位!

　　所以说，写作句式结构的正确认识是关键，要知道中英文句子逻辑是不一样的，千万不能按照中文的逻辑写英语。

　　写作备考在语言层面我们要整理、学习写作句法，但是有多少同学因为备考时间紧迫，误用口语素材来“搞定”写作?

　　而且一篇作文涉及的句式结构仅仅是“There be句型，定语从句，It is + adj.+ that句型，宾语从句，状语从句”。

　　请记住，正确备考方法：句子质量决定语言水平。

　　综合以上学习误区及提出的正确备考方法，在这里给大家总结大作文备考要点：

　　1. 首先解决写不出或写不准：

　　1) 透析重点话题，明确常见出题角度和写作思路，建立观点库和论证举例素材库;

　　2) 精准审题，掌握作文灵活出题破解方法;

　　3) 快速确定写作方向，准确提出有效分论点及拓展内容。

　　2. 其次梳理逻辑结构：

　　1) 准确判断写作任务，弄清题目陈述方式和题型的区别;

　　2) 快速确定文章段落结构;

　　3) 重点学习句子间的衔接。

　　3. 最后拯救语言的支离破碎：

　　1) 明确区分口语与写作在措辞、句式等表达上的差异;

　　2) 学习写作话题语料库：排除审题语言障碍，掌握不同的话题写作核心表达，夯实写作词汇基础;

　　3) 建立写作语言体系——句子(写作最小的语言单位)，重点学习写作句法，区分中式、英式语言思维差异，完成写作词汇语法的准确整合。

　　No.4

　　彩蛋

　　布置一道英文句子写作训练给大家：

　　请翻译“在当今社会学好英语很重要。良好的语言能力可以让我们找到好工作。”

　　看似简单，但要以写作语言标准翻译哦。将答案发送至杜老师答疑微信，可获得杜老师亲自语音点评，并获赠9-12月A&G类Task2重点备考范文5篇。

　　最后展示一波杜老师近期收到的提分锦鲤们的报分盛况动图~祝大家都能用对写作方法，早日和雅思说拜拜~